engleski

New generation of vaccines - mRNA vaccines as the most promising tool against the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic and the urgent need to develop a vacci ne against SARS-CoV-2 have accelerated the development of the mRNA technology, which was already shown to be promising because of its rapid development, high-potency, low-cost manufacturing, and safe administration. The aim of this review is to present current mRNA vaccine fi ndings , to point out challenges and recent successes, as well as to offer a perspective on the future of mRNA vaccines. Review: Current research of the RNA-based vacci nes is usually divided between two platforms, depending on the RNA used for the vaccine: a non-replicating mRNA and a virally derived, selfamplifying, RNA (saRNA). While both types encode the antigen of interest, the saRNA also encodes the viral replication machinery. Until recently, the mRNA vaccine development has been limited by the mRNA instability and inefficient in vivo delivery. Today, there are two basic approaches to the mRNA vaccine delivery that have been described. The firs t approach amounts to loadi ng of the mRNA into the patient's dendri tic cells ex vivo. This approach has greater precision and efficacy, but it is both timeconsuming and labour-intensive. The second approach, which has garnered a lot of attention lately, involves a direct parenteral injection of the mRNA with or without a carrier, thus greatly simplifying the vaccine delivery and enabling costeffective mass vaccination. Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic has shown that the mRNA-based vaccines are one of the most promising public health tools for quickly responding to a novel pandemic infectious disease.

mRNA, vaccines, SARS-CoV-2

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