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SIMONA Project: Transnationally Harmonized Sediment Sampling and Laboratory Protocols for HSs in DRB’s Surface Waters Proposal

1. INTRODUCTION The Interreg project Sediment-quality Information, MONitoring and Assessment System (SIMONA) is designed to ensure support for transnational cooperation in joint Danube Basin Water Management. The main task of the project is a proposal of a SIMONA tool for harmonized monitoring of the hazardous substances (HSs) in drainage sediment in the Danube River Basin (DRB) countries. The participants in the SIMONA project include various institutions from the DRB countries: Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Germany, Hungary, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Ukraine. The Croatian Geological Survey (HGI-CGS) participated in all 6 Work packages and it is responsible for Working Package 4 (WP4) of the SIMONA project. The objective of the WP4 is to develop transnationally harmonized sampling and laboratory analysis protocols for mid- and long-time surface water sediment quality monitoring and assessment to assist the water authorities in their daily work across the DRB countries. The sampling and laboratory analysis protocols will be parts of the SIMONA System. HGI-CGS with the contribution of its Associated Strategic Partners (ASPs) Croatian Waters (Croatia) and Waters of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina) completed both protocols. 2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The river channel sediments are a sink as well as a source of HSs in a fluvial system. The HSs in sediments could represent a risk for the environment, and consequently, they should be monitored. Monitoring of HSs in sediments includes sampling, chemical analyses and risk assessments. The criteria proposed by EQS Directive 2013/39/EU for the selections of the HSs in sediment and biota to be monitored are their insolubility in water, tendency to accumulate in sediments or association with pore water. This protocols aim to provide proposals for harmonized sampling strategy and laboratory analyses of the HSs in sediments according to the 2000/60/EC Water Framework Directive (WFD), in particular the EQS Directives (2013/39/EU and 2008/105/EC) and CIS Guidance Document 7, 19, 25 and 27 (EC, 2003, 2009, 2010, 2018), ISO standards, ICPDR (ISPDR, 2003), and taking into consideration geological background and anthropogenic influences. 2.1 Transnationally harmonized sediment sampling protocol for HSs in DRB’s surface waters (Sampling protocol) The drainage sediment in a river environment considered as suitable for monitoring are stream/bottom sediments and suspended sediment or suspended solids, and additionally, active floodplain sediment. Stream/bottom sediments represent what is entering a fluvial system from upstream and the suspended sediments describe the transport of HSs downstream to the next water body. A monitoring procedure include: selections of compounds to be monitored in sediments, selection of sediment sampling station (relevant norms for stream/bottom sediment - ISO 5667-12:2017 ; for suspended sediment - ISO 5667-17:2008 with some additional recommendations given in the Sampling protocol), sediment collection (composite samples, sampling depth and frequency, sample fraction for analysis, sample volume), sampling equipment, field observation sheet, wet–sieving in the field, transport, quality control and safety measure (Šorša and SIMONA Project team, 2019). 2.2 Transnationally harmonized sediment laboratory analysis protocol for HSs in DRB’s surface waters (Laboratory analysis protocol) The most used methods for the determination of heavy metals is Inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and for the organic substances, Liquid chromatography and/or gas chromatography, linked to mass spectrometry (LC-MS and GC-MS). The ISO and/or EPA standards for chemical analytical methods for the HSs are proposed in the Laboratory analysis protocol (Čaić Janković et al.). The HSs for monitoring in the protocol were selected under the EQS Directive 2013/39/EU amending the Directive 2008/105/EC. Additionally, 5 heavy metals and their compounds from the List of Priority Substances for the Danube River Basin are included in this protocol (ICPDR, 2003). The Laboratory analyses protocol proposes procedures for sieving and drying sediment samples, their storage and archive, if necessary some kind of normalization (grain size correction, quartz correction, Al- and Li- normalization) and proper quality control (Čaić Janković et al.). 3. CONCLUSION Both protocols, Sampling protocol and Laboratory analysis protocol, propose techniques for monitoring of selected HSs in sediments in a river environment. These procedures comprehensively investigate sediment-associated HSs in the Danube river basin according to the WFD requirements and other relevant regulative documents in Europe. REFERENCES Čaić Janković, A., Šorša, A., The SIMONA Project Team (2019): Sediment quality laboratory protocol for HSs. EU Interreg Danube Transnational Programme, 37p. EC (2000): Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. EC (2003): Common Implementation Strategy for the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC): Guidance Document No. 7. Monitoring under the Water Framework Directive. Luxembourg. EC (2008): Directive 2008/105/EC on Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs) in the field of water policy, amending and subsequently repealing Council Directives 82/176/EEC, 83/513/EEC, 84/156/EEC, 84/491/EEC, 86/280/EEC and amending Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. EC (2009): Common Implementation Strategy for the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC): Guidance Document No. 19 Guidance on Surface Water Chemical Monitoring under The Water Framework Directive Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. EC (2010): Common Implementation Strategy for the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC): Guidance Document No. 25 Guidance on chemical monitoring of sediment and biota under the Water Framework Directive Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. EC (2013): Directive 2013/39/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 August 2013 amending Directives 2000/60/EC and 2008/105/EC as regards priority substances in the field of water policy. EC (2018): Common Implementation Strategy for the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC): Technical Guidance for deriving Environmental Quality Standards, Guidance Document No. 27. ICPDR (2003): List of Priority Substances for the Danube River Basin. International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River, 4p. Updated version 2018. ISO 5667-12:2017 Water quality – Sampling – Part 12: Guidance on sampling of bottom sediments from rivers, lakes and estuarine areas. ISO 5667-15:2009 Water quality – Sampling – Part 15: Guidance on the preservation and handling of sludge and sediment samples (reviewed and confirmed in 2015). Šorša, A., The SIMONA Project Team (2019): Sediment quality sampling protocol for HSs. EU Interreg Danube Transnational Programme, 45p. http://www.interreg-danube.eu/approved- projects/simona (Last access: 21.2.2020).

SIMONA, HSs, sediment, sampling protocol, laboratory analyses protocol

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