engleski

Memory, sleep, and the relationship between sleep disorders and memory impairment

Sleep can be defined as a natural, reversible state of reduced responsiveness to external stimuli that occurs at regular intervals and is homeostatically regulated. It can be divided into two different stages: rapid eye movement sleep (REM) and non-rapid eye movement sleep(nonREM). Each is linked to specific brain waves pattern and neural activity. Moreover, nonREM sleep can be subdivided into 3 successive sub-stages, with stage 1 as the lightest sleep and stage 3 as the deepest. There are many functions associated with sleep, including those that lead to the restoration of the body, brain, and neurocognition. One of the neurocognitive functions associated with sleep is memory consolidation. Like sleep, memory processing is also divided into different stages: the initial being encoding, which allows the new item to be converted into mental representation inside the brain, followed by consolidation - the process of stabilizing a memory trace over time. The third stage is retrieval, the ability to take new information out of storage. It is believed that hippocampal activity specifically supports memory consolidation during sleep, through specific coordinate neurophysiological events that facilitate the integration of new information into pre-existing cortical networks. The question then arises: if sleep really does participate in memory consolidation - one of the key phases in making a new memory, what happens to memory if sleep is distorted?

consolidation ; NREM sleep, REM sleep

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