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Candida albicans—The Virulence Factors and Clinical Manifestations of Infection

Abstract:Candida albicans is a common commensal fungus that colonizes the oropharyngeal cavity, gastrointestinal and vaginal tract , and healthy individuals’skin.In50% of the population, C.albicans is part of the normal flora of the microbiota. The various clinical manifestations of Candida species range from localized, superficial mucocutaneous disorders to invasive diseases that involve multiple organsystems and are life‐thr eatening. From systemic and local to hereditary and environmental, diverse factors lead to disturbances in Candida’s normal homeostasis, resulting in a transition from normal flora to pathogenic and opportunistic infections. The transition in the pathophysiology of the onset and progression of infectionis also influenced by Candida’s virulence traits that lead to the development of candidiasis. Oral candidiasis hasawiderangeofclinicalmanifestations, divided into primary and secondary candidiasis. The mainsupply of C.albicans in the body is located in the gastrointestinal tract, and the development of infections occurs due to dysbiosis of the resi‐ dential microbiota, immune dysfunction, and damage to the muco‐intestinal barrier. The presence of C.albicans in the blood is associated with candidemia–invasive Candida infections.The commen‐ sal relationship exists as long as there is a balance between the host immune system and the virulence factors of C.albicans. This paper presents the virulence traits of Candida albicans and clinical manifestations of specific candidiasis.

Candida albicans ; virulence traits ; oralcavity ; gastroenterology ; dermatovenerology

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