engleski

Cardiovascular rehabilitation

Rehabilitation comes from the Latin word “re” or again and “habilitatio, ” training. It also describes the process of maximum training for life independent of the help of other people and the actions of persons who have partially or completely lost their autonomy and ability due to various causes. Cardiovascular rehabilitation is a team procedure aimed at diagnostic assessment, controlled exercise, optimizing therapy and preparing patients for reintegration into daily activities, and encouraging the adoption of healthy living habits. The goal of cardiovascular rehabilitation, in addition to improving the patient's condition, is to monitor and test him after an acute coronary incident or some other heart disease or intervention, in order to determine the prognostic picture of the patient and how much physical effort he can perform.The German physician Max Joseph Örtel (Dillingen, 1835- 1897) is known for inventing the stroboscope, a device for examining the larynx. Also, more significant for cardiorehabilitation history, he is the author of the book Therapie der Kreislaufsstörungen (Therapie der Kreislaufsstörungen, 1884). In addition, he discovered movement therapy with Charles Munde which is especially important for heart patients and that is why we consider him a pioneer of cardiovascular rehabilitation. Movement therapy consisted of regular, short walks with a combination of swimming and rowing with the aim of speeding up the metabolism and digestive system, strengthening the muscles and the cardiovascular system. They emphasized that it is important that the patient never gets tired or exhausted during the walk and that he never goes immediately after the meal. Rehabilitation is carried out with a quality interdisciplinary, if possible transdisciplinary approach. Cardiovascular patients are at risk of serious cardiovascular incidents, which is why healthcare professionals need to be trained to perform emergency interventions. The rehabilitation team should be composed of a professional lineup of educated staff with different knowledge and skills: internist-cardiologist, physiatrist, psychologist, bachelor of physiotherapy, bachelor of occupational therapy / occupational therapist, bachelor of nursing. The team often includes a nutritionist, and music therapist. The cardiologist participates in all activities during the rehabilitation of heart patients, from selecting patients for admission, individual risk evaluation, non- invasive cardiovascular diagnostics to monitoring the cardiovascular patient during exercise, recommendation and correction of treatment with drugs prescribed based on his diagnosis. Education is conducted by communicating and informing the patient, and this includes cardiac and psychological topics, individual psychological support is also important. Through education, the patient is imposed a sense of responsibility for their own and for the health of family members and close blood relatives. Good education is the foundation of good and successful rehabilitation. ular diseases and rehabilitation). Upon completion of cardiovascular rehabilitation, evaluates the conducted procedure and gives a final opinion in the discharge letter.In conclusion, it can be said that cardiovascular rehabilitation is an effective way of treating cardiovascular diseases that continues with pharmacological and invasive cardiac and cardiosurgical treatment of the acute phase of the disease. It is a team work, in which the cooperation of all members is important in order for the patient to return to the activities of everyday life as successfully as possible and improve the quality of life. The outpatient form of rehabilitation, which is increasingly present, is suitable for patients who cannot interrupt their social and professional obligations, and who want and need to go through a rehabilitation program. Education of patients and family members is extremely important because it raises awareness of a lifestyle that reduces cardiovascular risk, forms and levels of permitted activity, principles and techniques of self-control during physical activities and in other everyday life situations. Good education is the basis for the successful continuation of the achieved positive outcomes of rehabilitation. Primary prevention programs for cardiovascular diseases should include programs on changes in previous bad habits, promotion of physical activity, emphasize the medical significance of overeating and obesity, encourage weight reduction programs, promotion of smoking hazards, promotion of European guidelines for prevention of cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular disease diseases such as arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes, as well as the appearance of early symptoms of cardiovascular disease.

cardiovascular disease ; Risk factors ; Cardiovascular rahabilitation

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