engleski

Differential distribution of macro and microelements in leaves of two olive (Olea europaea L.) varieties

In accordance to their roles in plants, mineral elements are differentially distributed between different cell types and leaf tissues. They provide structure to membranes, act as enzymatic co-factors and constitute important macromolecules. Adequate conveyance and allocation of elements throughout the leaf ensures continuation of fundamental metabolic processes. Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the most important fruit crops in the Mediterranean area, exhibiting high varietal diversity throughout the basin. The main objective of this trial was to determine the distribution of macro- and microelements (potassium (K), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulphur (S), chlorine (Cl), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn)) in leaf cross-sections of Istarska bjelica and Leccino olive varieties, using multi-elemental, micro-particle induced X-ray emission (micro- PIXE) technique. With an exception of Ca, concentrations of leaf K, P, Mg, S and Cl did not differ significantly between the two varieties, amounting to 24.51, 1.54, 1.37, 0.88, 1.29 g kg-1 dry weight (DW) for Istarska bjelica and 22.93, 1.37, 1.75, 0.95, 1.15 g kg- 1 DW for Leccino respectively. Potassium was largely allocated at the palisade mesophyll of both varieties, however high K concentrations were also determined at the spongy mesophyll, beneath the main vasculature. Phosphorus ions mainly surrounded vascular tissues and to a lesser degree accumulated in the palisade mesophyll of both varieties. Highest Ca concentrations were detected in epidermis, followed by a high allocation around vascular tissues of both varieties. Leaf Ca concentration was significantly higher in Leccino (8.07 g kg-1 DW) than in Istarska bjelica (5.55 g kg-1 DW). Magnesium was evenly dispersed in leaves of both varieties, whereas S predominated in the palisade mesophyll and Cl accumulated mainly around the bundle sheath cells. Microelements were evenly distributed throughout the leaf cross-sections of both varieties, recording no significant differences in their leaf concentrations.

Raspodjela elemenata, makroelementi, mikroelementi, maslina, lišće

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