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Chemical composition and fatty acid profile of Alpine and Saanen goat milk from Bosnia and Herzegovina

The interest for goat milk production and goat milk products is constantly growing during last 20 years. The chemical composition of goat milk, which affects great its nutritive value, together with therapeutic value, makes goat milk and goat milk products more acceptable to consumers. The aim of this study was to compare chemical composition and fatty acid profile of Alpine and Saanen goat milk. Results have shown that there are differences in certain chemical components between Alpine and Saanen goat milk. The protein, fat and ash content in Alpine goat milk was 4.53 g/100 g, 4.65 g/100 g and 0.94 g/100 g, respectively, while their content was lower than in Saanen goat milk (3.64 g/100 g, 3.20 g/100 g and 0.88 g/100 g, respectively). Also, differences in fatty acid profile were observed. The goats were kept under different breeding regime but no statistically significant difference in total saturated fatty acid (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content was observed between these two breeds. Although there was no difference in total SFA content, the palmitic acid (C16:0), predominant fatty acid in goat milk, was lower in Alpine goat milk (26.94 g/100 g of fat) than in Saanen goat milk (28.60 g/100 g of fat). Unlike SFA and PUFA content, difference in total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was observed, with determined values of 22.8 g/100 g of fat in Alpine goat milk and 24.0 g/100 g of fat in Saanen goat milk.. Based on these findings it can be concluded that breeding regimes that are implemented in different geographical areas with different pasture, together with genetic factors of different goat breeds, affect great on goat milk chemical composition and fatty acid profile.

goat milk, Alpine goat, Saanen goat, chemical composition, fatty acid profile

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