engleski

Downy Mildew-Grapevine Interaction

Downy mildew is one of the most destructive diseases affecting viticulture, caused by Plasmopara viticola Berl. and De Toni, an obligate biotrophic oomycete whose life cycle is mostly maintained in any grapevine green tissue. Infection of grapevine begins in spring with dispersed sporangium produced from oospores and lasts until the end of summer. The most common way for controlling this disease is by repeated fungicide applications which cause the development of resistant strains, residual toxicity, and pathogen pressure. Moreover, it is harmful to the environment and human health, but also economically expensive. In the absence of treatments, and with favourable weather conditions, downy mildew can devastate the crop in one season causing a serious economic loss. Unlike the innate disease tolerance present in several wild American and Asian Vitis species, there are different levels of susceptibility among cultivated Vitis vinifera L. varieties. In the era of “omics” approaches, it became possible to detailly investigate the early host response mechanism and metabolomic background of resistant or partially resistant varieties. Phenolic compounds are used as biomarkers of resistance due to their higher concentration in resistant or tolerant genotypes compared to susceptible ones upon the downy mildew infection. With the introduction of deep sequencing, resistance proteins can be identified and their resistance gene analogues which is of utterly importance for using non-vinifera germplasm in breeding programs. Thus, the aim of this review is to congregate the most contemporary knowledge about the downy mildew biology and the complete background of grapevine’s subsequent response.

defence mechadefence mechanism ; omics studies ; Plasmopara viticola ; Vitis vinifera

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