engleski

Screening of Polish Fir Honeydew Honey Using GC/MS, HPLC‐DAD, and Physical‐Chemical Parameters: Benzene Derivatives and Terpenes as Chemical Markers

GC/MS of headspace solid phase micro extraction (HS-SPME) and solvent extractives along with targeted HPLC- DAD of Polish fi r (Abies alba M ILL .) honeydew honey (FHH), were used to determine the chemical pro fi les and potential markers of botanical origin. Additionally, typical physical-chemical parameters were also assigned. The values determined for FHH were: conductivity (1.2 mS/cm), water content (16.7 g/100 g), pH (4.5), and CIE chromaticity coordinates (L * = 48.4, a * = 20.6, b * = 69.7, C * = 72.9, and h ° = 73.5). FHH contained moderate-high total phenolic content (533.2 mg GAE/kg) and antioxidant activity (1.1 mmol TEAC/kg) and (3.2 mmol Fe 2+ /kg) in DPPH and FRAP assays. The chemical pro fi les were dominated by source plant-originated benzene derivatives: 3, 4- dihydroxybenzoic acid (up to 8.7 mg/kg, HPLC/honey solution), methyl syringate (up to 14.5%, GC/solvent extracts) or benzaldehyde (up to 43.7%, GC/headspace). Other markers were terpenes including norisoprenoid (4- hydroxy-3, 5, 6- trimethyl-4-(3-oxobut-1-enyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one, up to 20.3%, GC/solvent extracts) and monoterpenes, mainly linalool derivatives (up to 49%, GC/headspace) as well as borneol (up to 5.9%, GC/headspace). The application of various techniques allowed comprehensive characterisation of FHH. 4-Hydroxy-3, 5, 6- trimethyl-4-(3-oxobut-1-enyl) cyclohex-2-en-1-one, coniferyl alcohol, borneol, and benzaldehyde were fi rst time proposed for FHH screening. Protocatechuic acid may be a potential marker of FFH regardless of the geographical origin.

Volatiles, Antioxidants, Lignin derivatives, Terpenoids, Bioactive compounds

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