engleski

Volatile Compounds of wild-growing Rosa canina fruit

Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), a dog rose, is one of the most widespread wild species of the genus Rosa which grow almost everywhere in Croatia, especially in its Mediterranean region. The plant is appreciated for its shiny red fruits, called rosehips, whose consumption is popular in Croatia mainly in form of marmalade, jam and flavour teas. It is well known that rose hips of R. canina are rich source of various bioactive compounds such as vitamins (especially vitamin C), phenolic compounds (especially flavonoids), carotenoids and fatty acids, with potential positive effect on human health. Most studies of R. canina rosehips have been focused primarily on those compounds and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, literature data regarding volatile compounds of R. canina hips are rather limited. Hence, the aim of this study was to characterize the volatile compounds of R. canina hips originating from Croatia. The volatile compounds, commonly designated as aroma compounds, are naturally present in fruits. Those compounds, together with non-volatile compounds responsible for taste, are responsible for the flavour of fruits. A great variety of aroma compounds is present in fruits. Regarding various rose hip species, volatile compounds comprise mostly alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. According to literature, the sampling of the rosehips’ volatile compounds was achieved by various techniques, such as hydrodistillation, extraction in Soxhlet apparatus, headspace solid phase microextraction and immersion solid phase microextraction, always followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.Hydrodistillation, the most usual method for the essential oils isolation, i.e. volatile compounds, was chosen for the isolation of volatile compounds from R. canina fruits. As far as we know, only one study reported the volatile compounds of R. canina obtained by hydrodistillation of the entire rosehips. In this study, the entire rosehips were used for the isolation of volatiles, as well as seeds and fleshy pulp separately. The chemical composition of the essential oils was analyzed by GC-MS. The dominating compound in R. canina essential oil, obtained from entire rosehips, was norisoprenoid vitispirane followed by ketone 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one. Vitispirane was identified in R. canina fruit pulp, too, but in much smaller amount, while the content of 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one was almost the same. Other quantitatively important components in this sample were C9– C22 hydrocarbons, and aldehydes hex-2-enal, furfural and hept-2-enal. The essential oil isolated from R. canina seeds was characterized by a high content of phenylacetaldehyde, moderate content of benzyl isothiocyanate and absence of vitispirane and 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one. Regarding terpenes, the typical constituents of essential oils, monoterpene limonene was dominated component in all essential oils.

Rosa canina L., rosehip, pulp, seeds, volatiles

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