hrvatski

Grad i samostan. Primjer grada Krka i njegova franjevačkog samostana u srednjem vijeku: Monasterium et conventus Sancti Francisci fratrum minorum de Vegla

The island's oldest Franciscan monastery is the one with the name of St. Francis of Assisi in the town of Krk (conventus sancti Francisci de Vegla), situated next to the town walls in the northern part of the town (Porta di sù). The first mention of the monastery dates from a testament from 1271 and as soon as 1284 there were Conventual Franciscans (ordo fratrum minorum conventualium) permanently living there. Their language in liturgy was Latin. At the time of Franciscan bishop Lambert (1290-1297), they built the convent church of St. Francis. However, there are justified assumptions indicating that this monastery (community) must have been several decades older because we find, based on other historical sources, that, for example, a certain friar Ivan „de Vegla“ is mentioned in 1249 in Dubrovnik and Bonacursus, a Franciscan from Venice, seems to have been the bishop of Krk in 1258. It is important to emphasise that there is a legend of St. Francis staying in this monastery. Nothing strange about that, if it were not for the fact that one of the earliest recorded traditions on visits of St. Francis on our coasts exists, of all towns, in Krk. It is about the record of the newly elected head friar Nikola Divnić from 1539, sent from the monastery of St. Francis in Cres to the town of Krk – to the Franciscans there, saying that in 1212 St. Francis visited Krk and stayed in the town port with the eremites, leaving behind a sign (sigillum) for them and trusting friar Maksencije with the leadership of the community. As hard as it may be to prove this, it is important to mention this fact because all other traditions are younger than the mentioned one. In the 15th c., Ivan Frankapan VII, the count of Krk, expelled these Conventual Franciscans during his reign and brought Franciscan Observants, Croatian monks from Bosnia who used to worship in the Old Church Slavonic language („more slavo“). This wasn't meant to last though because the Conventuals returned due to the establishment of Venetian administration. In April 1481, the Venetian government wrote to the Krk governor Franjo Barba ordering him specifically: „Some Croatian monks are found on that island in a certain monastery, performing and celebrating divine service in Croatian ways ; for various reasons, these are to be removed from the said island. Therefore, we command you, as soon you arrive on the island, to drive away these Croatian monks and to forbid them ever to come back to the said island. Also, see to other monks who will live and serve in the said monastery according to our Latin custom“. Unfortunately, the once rich archive and library of this monastery hasn't come to us in its original form and extent but can only be found fragmentarily throughout other monastic libraries or it has perished. The monastic church was also the seat of the fraternity of St. Francis whose rule dates from 1300 (Statuti e Leggi della Confraternita di S. Francesco). It includes a valuable list of the members of the fraternity too. A two-volume collective manuscript called annals or chronicle of the monastery is kept in the archives of the monastery of Franciscan tertiaries in the town of Krk. Its author is Friar Conventual Felix Maria Bartoli (Italian Felice Maria Bartoli, 1679 – 1744). Among the scholars the manuscript has been named after its creator: Bartoli manuscript – Collectanea Bartoliana, or with its full name Cattastico documentato del monastero di Veglia dei Min. Conv. dal 1284. al 1781. The two-volume manuscript was written on paper in Latin and Italian language and bound in vellum. It was composed from 1740 till 1743 in the town of Krk and contains documents from 1284 up to the beginning of the 17th century, arranged not chronologically, but in the order in which they have come to the attention of the collector. On the margins, next to each document, it is indicated in short what it's about as an aid for the future users of this manuscript. The second volume of the Bartoli manuscript (Bartoli II), i.e. the original Bartoli's part – everything he managed to copy by 1743 – and its later continuation, has documents dating from 1300 till 1813. In it there are also records in Croatian language and Glagolitic script. Because of its content the Bartoli manuscript – Collectanea Bartoliana (vol. I-II) deserves special attention by scholars and researchers as a valuable source for the medieval and early modern history of the town and island of Krk. It should be accordingly approached and, eventually, published as an integral diplomatic collective monument. The present paper gives a diplomatic-historical description of the documents from the 15th century written in Latin language giving indications of their content and pointing out some of their language specifics and features. Numerous legacies for this monastery are declared in the preserved testaments of the inhabitants of the town and island of Krk. For example, Nikola Rusović left in his will a vineyard in Kanajt (Punat) to the monastery of St. Francis in Krk (1419). There is also a record of the testamentary endowment by Nikola Flak, son of deceased Dominik de Burda, to the altar of St. John the Baptist in the monastic church of St. Francis in Krk (1422). Furthermore, we also have recorded donations of parts of vineyards in the area of Kraj (Stara Baška) to the monastery of St. Francis in Krk (1407). After that, the donation of one-fiftieth of the Plavnik island in the waters of Krk (1416), or the donation of a vineyard in the area of St. Sophia (town of Krk) to the monastery of St. Francis in Krk with stipulated obligations toward the donator (1419). A house in Krk was also donated to the monastery (1422). In 1431, it was recorded that Antonija, widow of late Ratko, gave all her goods to the monastery of St. Francis in Krk with obligations, whereas Dominika, daughter of late Nikola de Andrinis, handed over all movable and immovable goods of her late brother, priest Andrija, to the monastery of St. Francis in Krk with obligations. Bartolina, widow of late Stjepan Vulicin, left to the monastery of Krk an untilled plot of land by the Ponikve lake (Krk) (1473), and in 1476 Jelena Sirsa (Širca), a Franciscan tertiary, left a house with yard and a cottage near the chapel of St. Mark in the town of Krk as a shelter for homeless people, and if there shouldn't be any, to the monastery of St. Francis. In addition, Jelisava, the wife of the count of Krk, Ivan VII, left in her will from 19th August 1484 hundred ducats in gold to the monks in Krk and asked the Doge of Venice to relieve the monastery of the tax for 200 animals as well as to grant them four stars (circa 80 liters) of salt. The monastery of St. Francis of Assisi in the town of Krk played an important role in the spiritual life of its hometown and its inhabitants, but also of the medieval society of Krk in general.

grad, samostan, Krk, franjevački samostan, srednji vijek, Monasterium et conventus Sancti Francisci fratrum minorum de Vegla

IV. Triennale: Gradovi hrvatskog srednjovjekovlja: Grad i Crkva / Towns and Cities of the Croatian Middle Ages: The City and the Church, organizator: Hrvatski institut za povijest / Croatian Institute of History, Zagreb, 22. – 23. listopada 2019. / 22 - 23 October 2019 (referat: Grad i samostan. Primjer grada Krka i njegova franjevačkog samostana u srednjem vijeku: Monasterium et conventus Sancti Francisci fratrum minorum de Vegla / City and Friary. Example of City of Krk and Franciscan Friary in the Middle Ages: Monasterium et conventus Sancti Francisci fratrum minorum de Vegla)

engleski

City and Friary. Example of City of Krk and Franciscan Friary in the Middle Ages: Monasterium et conventus Sancti Francisci fratrum minorum de Vegla

The island's oldest Franciscan monastery is the one with the name of St. Francis of Assisi in the town of Krk (conventus sancti Francisci de Vegla), situated next to the town walls in the northern part of the town (Porta di sù). The first mention of the monastery dates from a testament from 1271 and as soon as 1284 there were Conventual Franciscans (ordo fratrum minorum conventualium) permanently living there. Their language in liturgy was Latin. At the time of Franciscan bishop Lambert (1290-1297), they built the convent church of St. Francis. However, there are justified assumptions indicating that this monastery (community) must have been several decades older because we find, based on other historical sources, that, for example, a certain friar Ivan „de Vegla“ is mentioned in 1249 in Dubrovnik and Bonacursus, a Franciscan from Venice, seems to have been the bishop of Krk in 1258. It is important to emphasise that there is a legend of St. Francis staying in this monastery. Nothing strange about that, if it were not for the fact that one of the earliest recorded traditions on visits of St. Francis on our coasts exists, of all towns, in Krk. It is about the record of the newly elected head friar Nikola Divnić from 1539, sent from the monastery of St. Francis in Cres to the town of Krk – to the Franciscans there, saying that in 1212 St. Francis visited Krk and stayed in the town port with the eremites, leaving behind a sign (sigillum) for them and trusting friar Maksencije with the leadership of the community. As hard as it may be to prove this, it is important to mention this fact because all other traditions are younger than the mentioned one. In the 15th c., Ivan Frankapan VII, the count of Krk, expelled these Conventual Franciscans during his reign and brought Franciscan Observants, Croatian monks from Bosnia who used to worship in the Old Church Slavonic language („more slavo“). This wasn't meant to last though because the Conventuals returned due to the establishment of Venetian administration. In April 1481, the Venetian government wrote to the Krk governor Franjo Barba ordering him specifically: „Some Croatian monks are found on that island in a certain monastery, performing and celebrating divine service in Croatian ways ; for various reasons, these are to be removed from the said island. Therefore, we command you, as soon you arrive on the island, to drive away these Croatian monks and to forbid them ever to come back to the said island. Also, see to other monks who will live and serve in the said monastery according to our Latin custom“. Unfortunately, the once rich archive and library of this monastery hasn't come to us in its original form and extent but can only be found fragmentarily throughout other monastic libraries or it has perished. The monastic church was also the seat of the fraternity of St. Francis whose rule dates from 1300 (Statuti e Leggi della Confraternita di S. Francesco). It includes a valuable list of the members of the fraternity too. A two-volume collective manuscript called annals or chronicle of the monastery is kept in the archives of the monastery of Franciscan tertiaries in the town of Krk. Its author is Friar Conventual Felix Maria Bartoli (Italian Felice Maria Bartoli, 1679 – 1744). Among the scholars the manuscript has been named after its creator: Bartoli manuscript – Collectanea Bartoliana, or with its full name Cattastico documentato del monastero di Veglia dei Min. Conv. dal 1284. al 1781. The two-volume manuscript was written on paper in Latin and Italian language and bound in vellum. It was composed from 1740 till 1743 in the town of Krk and contains documents from 1284 up to the beginning of the 17th century, arranged not chronologically, but in the order in which they have come to the attention of the collector. On the margins, next to each document, it is indicated in short what it's about as an aid for the future users of this manuscript. The second volume of the Bartoli manuscript (Bartoli II), i.e. the original Bartoli's part – everything he managed to copy by 1743 – and its later continuation, has documents dating from 1300 till 1813. In it there are also records in Croatian language and Glagolitic script. Because of its content the Bartoli manuscript – Collectanea Bartoliana (vol. I-II) deserves special attention by scholars and researchers as a valuable source for the medieval and early modern history of the town and island of Krk. It should be accordingly approached and, eventually, published as an integral diplomatic collective monument. The present paper gives a diplomatic-historical description of the documents from the 15th century written in Latin language giving indications of their content and pointing out some of their language specifics and features. Numerous legacies for this monastery are declared in the preserved testaments of the inhabitants of the town and island of Krk. For example, Nikola Rusović left in his will a vineyard in Kanajt (Punat) to the monastery of St. Francis in Krk (1419). There is also a record of the testamentary endowment by Nikola Flak, son of deceased Dominik de Burda, to the altar of St. John the Baptist in the monastic church of St. Francis in Krk (1422). Furthermore, we also have recorded donations of parts of vineyards in the area of Kraj (Stara Baška) to the monastery of St. Francis in Krk (1407). After that, the donation of one-fiftieth of the Plavnik island in the waters of Krk (1416), or the donation of a vineyard in the area of St. Sophia (town of Krk) to the monastery of St. Francis in Krk with stipulated obligations toward the donator (1419). A house in Krk was also donated to the monastery (1422). In 1431, it was recorded that Antonija, widow of late Ratko, gave all her goods to the monastery of St. Francis in Krk with obligations, whereas Dominika, daughter of late Nikola de Andrinis, handed over all movable and immovable goods of her late brother, priest Andrija, to the monastery of St. Francis in Krk with obligations. Bartolina, widow of late Stjepan Vulicin, left to the monastery of Krk an untilled plot of land by the Ponikve lake (Krk) (1473), and in 1476 Jelena Sirsa (Širca), a Franciscan tertiary, left a house with yard and a cottage near the chapel of St. Mark in the town of Krk as a shelter for homeless people, and if there shouldn't be any, to the monastery of St. Francis. In addition, Jelisava, the wife of the count of Krk, Ivan VII, left in her will from 19th August 1484 hundred ducats in gold to the monks in Krk and asked the Doge of Venice to relieve the monastery of the tax for 200 animals as well as to grant them four stars (circa 80 liters) of salt. The monastery of St. Francis of Assisi in the town of Krk played an important role in the spiritual life of its hometown and its inhabitants, but also of the medieval society of Krk in general.

city, friary, city of Krk, Franciscan friary, Middle Ages, Monasterium et conventus Sancti Francisci fratrum minorum de Vegla

IV. Triennale: Gradovi hrvatskog srednjovjekovlja: Grad i Crkva / Towns and Cities of the Croatian Middle Ages: The City and the Church, organizator: Hrvatski institut za povijest / Croatian Institute of History, Zagreb, 22. – 23. listopada 2019. / 22 - 23 October 2019 (referat: Grad i samostan. Primjer grada Krka i njegova franjevačkog samostana u srednjem vijeku: Monasterium et conventus Sancti Francisci fratrum minorum de Vegla / City and Friary. Example of City of Krk and Franciscan Friary in the Middle Ages: Monasterium et conventus Sancti Francisci fratrum minorum de Vegla)