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Il rapporto tra Giovanni Paolo II e le autorità comuniste jugoslave (1978-1990)

The relations between John Paul II and the Communist authorities in Yugoslavia should be understood within the context of the Vatican’s Ostpolitik. John Paul II wanted to visit all communist countries including Yugoslavia. The most important issue between the Vatican and Yugoslavia was directly related to the willingness and attempts of the Pope to visit Yugoslavia. After being invited by the bishops in 1979, there was also an invitation in the 1980 made by the President of Yugoslavia. The Pope indicated his intention to go in 1984 during the National Eucharist Congress in Marija Bistrica. However, the authorities did not accept this proposition and they also rejected the proposal to postpone the visit to 1985. The government considered that such a visit in a period characterized by serious economic trouble, strong tensions, and political/ethnic conflicts, would not be politically appropriate. In fact, the Yugoslav authorities were searching for different diplomatic excuses for the purpose of postponing the visit. It was clear that the Yugoslav authorities wanted to avoid the papal visit because they believed that this event would help the Catholic Church and strengthen its position within society. The Yugoslav government used various political and diplomatic maneuvers, in order to find conditions which would be unacceptable for the Holy See and would therefore ultimately force the Vatican itself to cancel the visit. However, the Yugoslav authorities had the intention to exploit, to their own advantage, the potential arrival of the Pope by conditioning it with the requirement that the Yugoslav bishops comply with the state authorities. The Holy See was deeply committed to the realization of this visit, engulfed in its Ostpolitik and attempting to bolster the position of the Catholic Church in Eastern European communist countries. After the Pope visited Poland, Yugoslavia was the next most appropriate visit in order to correct relations with this country which had recently been established. However, the Pope never realized his intention to visit the socialist Yugoslavia and, as a sort of compensation, he visited Croatia three times and Bosnia-Herzegovina once, after these countries gained their independence.

Giovanni Paolo II, Jugoslavia, Santa Sede, comunisti, Marija Bistrica, Franjo Kuharić, Ostpolitik

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