engleski

Economic viability of flexibility options for smart energy systems with high share of renewable energy

The European Union has with the passing of European Green Deal set a plan to switch to carbon neutral economy. Main direction of decarbonization of energy systems lies in the implementation of renewable energy systems, but integration problems arise at higher shares of renewable energy, due to their variability. To tackle this problem, various demand response technologies and flexibility options can be used. This includes coupling of sectors with implementation of technologies as vehicle to grid, power to heat, increasing the flexibility of thermal power plants, introducing flexibility of demand and pumped hydro storage. The goal of this research is to show the most economically viable dynamics of achieving the high renewable energy share in combination with different flexibility options on a case study. Application of flexibility options is considered with the goal of keeping critical excess electricity generation within 5 % of total electricity demand. The simulations are performed with the combination of energy planning software EnergyPLAN and a Python code in order to automate solving a large number of simulation cases. Results show that the most effective technologies for critical excess electricity reduction are power plant flexibilization and vehicle to grid. It should be also noted that their effectiveness is related to already achieved flexibility and renewable energy penetration in a way that technologies with lower capital expenditures should be applied first.

Energy system modelling ; EnergyPLAN ; Renewable energy integration ; Demand response ; Decarbonization

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