engleski

Modelling demand response for creating smart archipelago

New European directives aim towards higher penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) and higher participation of citizens in the electric energy market. Such directives open new opportunities for increasing social welfare. By selling energy and reducing consumption in times when power system requires such actions and when there are market opportunities to be gained by such actions, it is possible to achieve optimal power flows and maximize profit of stakeholders in the market. In order to achieve full implementation of such technologies a substantial amount of testing will need to be executed. Lately, concept of islands as living labs is gaining importance. This idea is based on a fact that islands represent a locations with harshest conditions for energy transition on RES. Successful energy transition on islands would indicate that similar solutions may be implemented successfully on the mainland as well and speed up global energy transition. This paper aims towards creating a demand response model and its implementation on several interconnected islands, thus creating a smart archipelago. Demand response model is created based on types of load present at every island and successfully integrated into a optimal power flow (OPF) problem. Case study is conducted on the islands in the Kvarner archipelago. Islands are interconnected which enables implementation of smart control over entire archipelago. Results indicate that, with presented demand response model, it is possible to create profit for stakeholders in the electric energy market as well as improve performance of power system operation.

Smart islands ; Energy planning ; Demand response ; AC OPF ; Renewable energy sources

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