engleski

Longitudinal Changes of Selected Anthropometric Characteristics, Motor and Functional Abilities in Different Populations of Boys from 11 to 13 Years of Age under the Influence of Physical Exercise

The aim of this research was conducted with the aim to examine the influence of body mass on seven measured variables that evaluate the anthropometric characteristics, the motor and functional abilities of boys from 11 to 13 years of age, to determine whether this effect differs in boys who are engaged in team sports played with a ball, martial arts or boys that are not engaged in any sport, and examine the impact of doing sport on the body mass index. The research was conducted on a sample of 147 boys and with a sample of measuring instruments consisted of 10 valid and reliable tests used in elementary and high schools in Croatia. Research used one-sided ANOVA and pairwise t- tests with Bonferroni correction. With Pearson's correlation the correlation of the body mass index with the results of functional abilities was established and the Kolmogorov- Smirnov test determined the normality of samples for residual of dependent parameters, and the Three Way Mixed ANOVA was used. Theconnection of body weight with six measured variables that define the physical conditionof boys is great and extremely negative. A moderate degree of correlation was established (-0.45) between the body mass index (ITM) and the results of functional abilities evaluated by the six-minute run test (F6'), pull up endurance (-0.48), trunk lifts (-0.33) and standing long jump (-0.345). It was found that there is a significant difference in the ITM of non- athletes and boys who were engaged in sports (p <0.0000000001), but no significant difference was found between boys engaged in martial arts and boys engaged in team sports played with a ball. The highest values in variables of standing long jumpwere observed in boys who were engaged in some martial arts, and the lowest values in boys non-athletes (AS = 164.47 ; SD = 26.38 ; F = 0.871). Equally, the highest value in the variablepull up endurance had boysengaged inany kind of sport, but the influence of body weight was least evident in boys engaged in martial arts. With non-athletes the influence of body weight is significantly more negative than inboys who were engaged in sport (AS = 29.84 ; SD = 23.92 ; F = 1.350).A statistically significant difference in changes in anthropometric characteristics, motor and functional abilities between sports groups has not been established and it can be concluded that doing sportof any kind not only has a positive effect on motor and functional abilities but also mitigates the negative impact of body weight. The obtained results show that the Physical Education classes in elementary school alone cannot guarantee a long-term positive effect on the health and anthropological characteristics of boys.

boys ; non-athletes ; martial arts athletes ; team's sports athletes ; Body Mass Index

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