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Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: Serological characterstics and transfusion challenges

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare autoimmune disease characterised by hemolysis associated with the presence of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, or IgA) and/or components of complement system on red blood cells (RBCs), which is usually demonstrated by a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT). Depending on the presence of an underlying disorder, AIHA can be subdivided into primary and secondary and, by the temperature at which autoantibodies bind optimally to RBCs, into warm antibody AIHA (wAIHA), mixed AIHA (including both warm IgG and cold IgM antibodies), cold agglutinin disease (CAD), Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria (PCH) and DAT negative AIHA. A frequent finding in immunohematology is the presence autoantibodies on RBCs without clinical symptoms of hemolysis that may later develop.

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia ; serological charactersitics ; transfusion

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