engleski

Outpatient cardiovascular rehabilitation and physical therapy in patients with cardiovascular disease: differences and similarities

The difference in understanding the words which have the same or a similar meaning is not only a linguistic problem, but also a problem that we come across in medicine. Colloquial interpretation of certain medical terms in the wrong context can cause confusion not only among patients, but also among specific health professionals, so it is necessary to use the professional terminology appropriately. Here are some examples in the field of cardiovascular rehabilitation, the use of which in the daily clinical practice is not a stylistic feature, but denotes a different meaning. Clinical understanding of cardiovascular (CV) disease requires knowledge, experience, and skills of health professionals to recognize the clinical manifestations of the CV disease. By using the physical diagnosis by summarizing the data obtained by the medical history (which, inter alia, includes the questions about the impact of various physical factors on health) and physical examination by using inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation and olfactation), a cardiologist cognitively resolves a potential CV problem. A cardiologist makes a diagnosis of the CV disease by interpreting the findings of the available medical records, including the findings by a specialist in physical medicine and rehabilitation (physiatrist) and thereby determines and stratifies the risk and determines the need for treatment, prevention or CV rehabilitation. Cardiovascular rehabilitation constitutes a team process in the secondary prevention of CV diseases that is carried out as a part of the cardiac treatment by interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approach of different profile of health professionals in specialized centers within one year from the date of development of an acute CV event (usually, acute coronary syndrome or heart surgery procedure). Interval CV training takes place at the same time as the CV rehabilitation under the supervision of a cardiologist accompanied by telemetric monitoring by electrocardiogram, while a complete non-invasive diagnostic CV examination, psychodiagnostics and counseling by a psychologist, occupational therapy interventions, therapeutic education and non-pharmacological measures accompanied by the usual medicamentous treatment constitute inseparable components of the modern CV rehabilitation program. The activity and participation is stimulated in a coordinated process, regardless of whether the program is conducted by hospitalization in a specialized hospital for three weeks or in an outpatient clinic for three months in the polyclinic-consultative healthcare institution. Physical therapy is a methodology of using a physical agent that causes a favorable reaction in the body and is part of a complex rehabilitation treatment program. It represents a target- oriented and time-limited process in a rehabilitation program aimed at compensating for a loss of function or a functional limitation. Physical therapy is prescribed by a specialist in physical medicine and rehabilitation (physiatrist), whereas the physiotherapy interventions are performed by Bachelor of Physiotherapy or physical therapist. The indications, contraindications and fundamental principles must be satisfied in order to be able to perform these interventions. Physical therapy in CV patients is performed: 1) Within one year from the development of an acute CV event or heart surgery treatment under the supervision of a cardiologist as one of the components of the rehabilitation treatment, participating in organized programs of outpatient or inpatient CV rehabilitation ; 2) After the occurrence of a disease and injuries to the musculoskeletal system or locomotor system under the supervision of a physiatrist regardless of cardiac treatment ; 3) At the request of a patient, and usually after completing the CV rehabilitation program as a part of the programs of organized physical exercise. Participation in this program requires a risk review and stratification for the physical exercise by a cardiologist, whereas the physical exercise process is to be led by the Bachelor of Physiotherapy ; 4) At own discretion in order to improve the musculoskeletal system or locomotor system or the fitness status under the supervision of the Bachelor of Physiotherapy. To conclude, physical therapy in cardiovascular patients and cardiovascular rehabilitation are medical terms that are neither complete nor partial synonyms.

cardiovascular rehabilitation ; physiotherapy

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