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Exploiting Inertia of Wind Turbines in Power Network Frequency Control: A Model Predictive Control Approach

Electrical power systems have been going through some major restructuring processes over the past decades. A significant change is the large scale introduction of renewable energy sources (RES), with wind turbine generators as the prominent and most widely used RES. At the same time, power markets are becoming increasingly liberalized. With the expected increase in penetration level of wind turbine generators in the near future, it will be necessary for them to participate in power network frequency control. In this work we realize this by exploiting the inertia of wind turbine generators using model predictive control (MPC). The unique feature of MPC is that it is able to take severe safety constraints into account. A case study has been carried out to control a nonlinear model of a power network, by exploiting the inertial response of wind turbine generators. We have considered both centralized and a decentralized MPC implementation, and have shown their efficiently in counteracting deviations in generation and demand introduced either by unpredictable exogenous disturbances or by imbalanced transients during market rescheduling processes. The obtained results show the potential of wind turbine inertia exploitation in contributing to the challenging task of controlling future power networks.

Model predictive control, wind power generation, frequency control, power systems, decentralized control

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