engleski

Influences of nitrogen fertilization on the wheat yields

Winter wheat is second-ranged field crop in Croatia. In the period of 1980-eis it was growen on about 20% of arable lands(mean 311 000ha/annually), while in the last decade period wheat harvested areas decreased to level 227000ha for 27%. Share of uncultivated arable lands was earlier about 10% while now is 25%.This trend is mainly result of recent low profitability of main arable crops growing. Mean yield of wheat in Croatia for the period 1980-ies was 3.87 t/ha (depending on year from 3.04 to 4.52 t/ha), while in the text decade period it was 4.06 t/ha (ranges among years from 3.03 to 5.02 t/ha).In generally, the total quantities of nitrogen (N) for winter wheat large scale production are applies in the range between 150 and 180 kgN/ha, some times less or more, depending on varieties and the soil and weather conditions. Regarding to distribution of N by fertilization, the main practice is to apply 40-50% of planned N before sowing. The applies fertilizers are mainly as NPK (for example, NPK 8:26:26 or 10:30:20, etc)and urea in quantities of N between 40-90kg N/ha. The rest N are applied mainly at 2-3 top dressing i.e. at tillering in early spring, before starting of vegetation (30-55kg N/ha, )at forking (45-55 kg N/ha, mainly at the beginning of April), and if is necessary, before heading, only as corrective intervention.

nitrogen ; fertilization ; wheat

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