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Sampling and analysis of coarsely shredded mixed commercial waste. Part I: procedure, particle size and sorting analysis

Performing experiments with mixed commercial waste, sampling is unavoidable for material analysis. Thus, the procedure of sampling needs to be defined in a way that guarantees sufficient accuracy regarding the estimation of the examined analytes. In this work, a sampling procedure for coarsely shredded mixed commercial waste, based on the Austrian Standard ÖNORM S 2127, the horizontal sampling standard DS 3077 and the theory of sampling, was established, described and examined through a replication experiment determining the relative sampling variability. The analytes are described through a matrix of nine (9) material classes and nine (9) particle size classes. It turns out that the typical threshold value of 20% can be reached for some fractions of the particle size–material matrix (for example, wood 20–40 mm and cardboard 60–80 mm) but gets as bad as 231% (wood 200–400 mm) for others. Furthermore, a decrease in the relative sampling variability with the mass share of a fraction is observed. Part of the observed variability is explainable through the fundamental sampling error, while contributions of other types of sampling errors are also evident. The results can be used for estimating confidence intervals for experimental outcomes as well as assessing required sample sizes for reaching a target precision when working with mixed commercial waste.

Theory of sampling ; Relative sampling variability ; Commercial waste ; Coarse shredder ; Increment mass ; Sample mass

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