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Immunomodulation role of EM probiotic on Nosema spp.spores number and concentrations of vitellogenin in haemolymph of honeybee (Apis mellifera)

Nosema disease is a parasitic disease of adult honeybees caused by microsporidia from the genus Nosema. It has detrimental effects on strength, productivity and immune suppression of honeybee colonies, so an appropriate control of this disease is advisable. Effective microorganisms are combinations of numerous species of useful microbes, which are widely used in different fields. As a novel approach in therapy, we hypothesize the EM® PROBIOTIC for beekeeping usage could play an important role in suppression of Nosema spp. invasion and in stimulating synthesis of vitellogenin which has impact in immunological responses and pathogen defense at both, the individual and honeybee colony level. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of additional feeding of honeybee colonies with the EM® PROBIOTIC for beekeeping usage on the previously mentioned parameters. Honeybee colonies fed probiotic were given sugar solution, with three different dilutions (2.5% ; 5% ; 10%) of commercial probiotic called EM® PROBIOTIC FOR BEES. Sampling of workers hemolymph was performed 13th and 22nd day after initial feeding. The number of Nosema spp. spores was determined by counting spores using Malassez hemocytometer and concentrations of vitellogenin in hemolymph samples were determined by MyBioSource elisa kit using spectrophotometer. Results showed that concentrations of vitellogenin were increased and significantly different (p<0.05) in hemolymph samples of experimental in comparison with control bees groups, for 13th day after initial feeding, in contrary to 22th day, when taken results showed no significant difference. Similarly, colonies fed with EM® showed decrease in number of Nosema spp. spores, in comparison to the control group. The obtained results have presented valuable insights into the possible immunomodulation in honeybees and into novel biotechnological approach that may address the current needs of global beekeeping.

Nosema disease, immunomodulation, probiotic, honeybee

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