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Extraction of isothiocyanates from white, brown and black mustard seeds and their effects on cancer cell proliferation

White (Sinapis alba L.), brown (Brassica juncea L.) and black (Brassica nigra L.) mustard belong to Brassicaceae family which is known as the mustards, the crucifers or the cabbage family that contains sulfur compounds (glucosinolates). Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are degradation products of glucosinolates which have various biological activities (anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal). The aim of this research was the extraction of volatiles rich in ITCs from selected mustard seeds using conventional extraction with organic solvent after autolysis and using microwave extraction and the evaluation of their effects on human cancer cells proliferation. GC/MS analysis showed that fractions from white and brown mustard seeds contain allyl isothiocyanate as a dominant compound. The highest antiproliferative activity against both cancer cells showed brown mustard volatile fraction after microwave extraction (70% and 50% after 72 h and 48 h at the concentration of 100 ug/mL against breast and bladder cancer cells). The use of microwave significantly decreases extraction period and it is appropriate manner to obtain volatile fraction of brown mustard seeds rich with allyl isothiocyanate that shows high antiproliferative activity against human breast and urinary bladder cancer cells.

isothiocyanates ; mustard seeds, autolysis extraction ; microwave extraction ; antiproliferative activity

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