engleski

Microwave assisted isolation of volatiles from horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) and cytotoxic activities of its main volatile allyl isothiocyanate

Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana P.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb.) is a large-leaved, hardy perennial plant of the Brassicaceae family originating from the temperate Eastern Europe. The word chren is a common name for the horseradish in Slavic languages of Eastern Europe, and it is the most primitive word for the horseradish worldwide. The roots and the leaves were used for medicinal purposes and as a condiment since ancient times. Nowadays, it is primarily cultivated for the delicious, intense pungency of its roots whereas the leaves are used in a lesser extent for salad mixes. Agro-industrial and pharmaceutical sector encourage its usage as a functional food. Horseradish is rich in glucosinolates which degrade into bioactive volatile products, mainly isothiocyanates (ITCs) and nitriles. The roots and the leaves of horseradish were collected from the wild-growing population in Konavle (near Dubrovnik, Croatia) during the spring flowering phenological stage, March 2019. The isolation of volatiles was performed by the solvent free microwave assisted distillation and extraction using 500 W for 30 min and 15 min, respectively. Volatile isolates were analyzed by GC-MS and found to contain allyl ITC as the main glucosinolate degradation product originating form sinigrin, along with phenylethyl ITC originating from gluconasturtiin. Allyl ITC was tested for cytotoxic activity on human bladder carcinoma UM-UC-3 and glioblastoma LN-229 cell lines using MTT assay. Both cell lines were incubated for 4h, 24h, 48h and 72h. The best cytotoxic activity was observed against bladder cancer UM-UC-3 cell line after 24h incubation time (IC50=23.3 μg/mL), and against glioblastoma LN229 cell line after 48h (IC50= 36.5 µg/mL) ; both of which can be considered as moderately active

Horseradish ; glucosinolates ; isothiocyanates ; microwave-assisted isolation ; cytotoxic activity

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