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Public Architecture in Austro-Hungarian Croatia: Fragmented Territory and Politics of Architectural Design (CROSBI ID 688103)

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Damjanović, Dragan Public Architecture in Austro-Hungarian Croatia: Fragmented Territory and Politics of Architectural Design // THE AESTHETICS OF PUBLIC SERVICE. ADMINISTRATIVE BUILDINGS, SCHOOLS, COURTHOUSES, AND SAVINGS BANKS IN CENTRAL EUROPE, CA. 1780– 1918 Beč, Austrija, 13.02.2020-14.02.2020

Podaci o odgovornosti

Damjanović, Dragan

engleski

Public Architecture in Austro-Hungarian Croatia: Fragmented Territory and Politics of Architectural Design

As in other parts of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries in Croatian lands were marked by the intensive construction of public buildings that sought to meet the needs of numerous newly established public institutions. The focus of this presentation will be the analysis of public buildings in the different provinces and regions that existed in the territory of present-day Croatia between 1867 and 1918 (Croatia-Slavonia, Military Frontier, Istria, Dalmatia, Rijeka and Međimurje). The late-19th century public architecture in Croatian lands owes its extreme diversity to the fact that buildings for public institutions were designed and built equally by Austrian, Hungarian, and Croatian architects. This resulted from position of Croatian lands within the Monarchy – one part of its territory was under Austria and the other under Hungary. It will be first shown that the political status of the Croatia- Slavonia (officially named Triune Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia), as a semi- autonomous province within the Hungarian part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, enabled the Provincial Government (Landesregierung) in Zagreb after the Austro- Hungarian (1867) and Croato-Hungarian (1868) settlements to have a complete freedom in the choice of architects which were to design buildings for the institutions under its jurisdiction: school, court, hospital and various administration buildings. This led to the situation that most designs for these public buildings were entrusted to engineers employed by the Croatian Provincial Government or local authorities, and various other Croatian architects and architectural offices that mostly lived and worked in the capital of Croatia-Slavonia, Zagreb. The only building projects undertaken by the Provincial Government that were entrusted to architects from other parts of the Monarchy (almost exclusively Austrian architects) and other parts of Central Europe (primarily the German Empire) through public tenders or direct contracts, were large and technically demanding projects. The importance of the political framework in the choice of architects of public buildings will be demonstrated by comparing the situation in the province of Croatia-Slavonia with the situation in other provinces of Austria-Hungary that are now part of Croatia: the Military Frontier (integrated with Croatia-Slavonia in 1881), Dalmatia, Istria, Rijeka and Međimurje. Since Rijeka and Međimurje were directly subordinated to the authorities in Budapest, public buildings in these areas were, in addition to the local architects, regularly designed by Hungarian architects. Austrian architects were much more present in the provinces controlled by Vienna: Military Frontier, Istria and Dalmatia. In terms of style, public architecture in Croatia in this period is similar to public architecture in other parts of the Monarchy. Most public buildings, no matter who designed them, were built in the neo-Renaissance style, that is, from the first years of the 20th century in a style that represented a combination of Vienna Secession and neo- Renaissance or neoclassical forms. That changed in the years immediately before the outbreak of World War I when architects again turned to some kind of neo-historicism. Building's dimensions depended on the financial power of the institutions that built them. It is discernible that public buildings erected by the authorities of Croatia-Slavonia were regularly more modest than those erected by public institutions under the direct control of Vienna or Budapest.

19th Century, Public Architecture, Historicism, Art Nouveau, Croatia, Dalmatia, Istria

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Podaci o prilogu

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Podaci o skupu

THE AESTHETICS OF PUBLIC SERVICE. ADMINISTRATIVE BUILDINGS, SCHOOLS, COURTHOUSES, AND SAVINGS BANKS IN CENTRAL EUROPE, CA. 1780– 1918

predavanje

13.02.2020-14.02.2020

Beč, Austrija

Povezanost rada

Arhitektura i urbanizam, Povijest umjetnosti, Povijest