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Anticlericalism, Nonreligiosity and Atheism in Croatia

Although Catholicism was the most prominent identification of Croats throughout history, anticlerical, atheistic and antireligious ideas were present and more or less visible in society during different periods. This chapter attempts to describe these ideas. They were articulated in the 19th century in political and literary (modernistic) circles that questioned the church’s position and its role in society. In the field of the natural sciences of the time, the first ideologization of Darwinism in relation to religion began. The most powerful form of atheism and secularism, as a political doctrine in Croatia, developed after the end of World War II within the framework of Communist Yugoslavia. After the collapse of Communism and the disintegration of Yugoslavia, religiosity became a desirable (and dominant) conformity pattern, but nonreligiosity and atheism were still present on the individual and group levels (in the form of organized communities of nonreligious people and atheists influenced by the New Atheism). All the tendencies that were rejecting a traditional religious belief system in Croatia were part of similar trends in Europe, specifically as a form of rejecting hegemony, as a part of the state imposed ideology due to the spread of socialism or the influence of new social movements (New Atheism) in the last few years.

Croatia, anticlericalism, atheism, modernism, Darwinism, secularism

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