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Biomimetic bone scaffolds based on cosubstituted calcium phosphates and chitosan

Biological apatite contains various amounts of anionic (i.e. CO32-, SiO44-, F-, Cl-) and cationic (i.e. Na+, Mg2+, K+, Sr2+, Zn2+, Ba2+, Al3+) substitutions, which have crucial biochemical functions. Multisubstitution is one of the most widely used approach to mimic the chemical composition of the bone mineral and to improve the biological performance of calcium phosphate (CaP) materials. The multi-substituted CaPs, with varying ion content (Sr2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, SeO3 2-), have been prepared by using cuttlefish bone as precursor of Ca2+ ions. The effect of the doping on phase composition, crystal structure, morphology, thermal stability, element content and toxicity of synthesized materials was studied. The precipitated powders were triphasic CaP systems composed of HAp, OCP and amorphous CaP. Phase transformation and ion release were analysed during 7 days of incubation in simulated body fluid at 37 °C. Highly porous multi-substituted CaP/chitosan composite structures have been prepared by freeze-gelation technique, while morphology of scaffolds was imaged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The MTT assay of prepared scaffolds have shown no toxicity and the live/dead assay has confirmed good viability and proliferation of seeded cells by the culture time. The differentiation of MSC cells have been determined by RT-qPCR analysis.

co-substitution, calcium phosphate, chitosan, Rietveld refinement, scaffold

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