engleski

It is everywhere! Detections of carp edema virus in Hungary, Croatia, Serbia and Lithuania confirm wide distribution in Europe.

Introduction: Koi sleepy disease (KSD) caused by carp edema virus (CEV) infection is considered an emerging disease in certain regions of the world. Especially in Europe the virus was detected only in recent years. However, after its initial detection in UK it came more into focus of diagnostic laboratories, which was followed by multiple detections. Based on this we hypothesise that both CEV and KSD exist in the European common carp aquaculture since long time and only due to a particular set of circumstances like: Less dramatic clinical presentation, the season of occurrence, similarity of clinical signs to koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD) or intoxication with ammonia and no ability to detect the virus by cell culturing, it was not detected. Methodology: A result which could support this hypothesis would be a wide geographical distribution of the virus in main carp producing countries and in countries with a limited carp production. Therefore, samples were collected in Hungary, Serbia, Croatia and Lithuania in 2015-2018 and screened for the presence of CEV DNA with quantitative PCR. Results: Prevalence of CEV in Hungary, one of the largest European carp producer, was the highest with 76% (13 CEV positive out of 17 locations screened). In contrast, the prevalence in countries with smaller crap production was lower: 14% prevalence was recoded in Croatia where 6 out of 44 locations were CEV positive, 30% prevalence was recorded in Lithuania (6 CEV positive locations out of 20 checked). In Serbia fish with clear signs of clinical KSD from only two farms were sampled and both locations were confirmed to be CEV positive. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that in some cases the detected virus isolates are distributed in geographically related locations. For instance, the same virus was found in neighbouring regions of Hungary and Serbia. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that CEV (especially from genogroup I) is widely spread in the European carp aquaculture. This could indicate that rather than being an emerging disease this virus was previously overlooked/misdiagnosed. Therefore, KSD should be considered in whole Europe when investigating disease outbreaks in common carp at temperatures below the optimum for KHVD.

CEV, common carp

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