engleski

Parental education, employment and income influence childs' screen time, sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk – the case of school age children from the city of Osijek

Introduction: Parental education directly correlates with the employment, income and social position. Parental characteristics shape child's behavior towards food and determine their dietary and lifestyle habits. These determinants also determine the type, amount and the quality of food available in a household. The aim of this research was to determine the role of parental socieconomic status on child's screen time, sleep and cardiometabolic risk. Subjects and Methods: Two randomized observational studies were conducted on 251 pairs children-parent during medical examination for the first grade entry in 2017 and 2018. Children from the area of Osijek city were enrolled in the study. Parents completed study- specific questionnaire. The average age of children was 6.6 ± 0.4 years, 54.2 % boys and 45.8 % girls. Haemoglobin values were obtained from child's registry database. Child's height and weight were measured and International Obesity Task Force cut-offs were used to clasify them according to their state of nourishment. Cardiometabolic risk (CMR ; waist circumference in cm divided by height in cm) is a strong predictor for cardio-metabolic risk, in both children and adults. CMR is categorized as low (CMR < 0.5), increased (0.5 – 0.6) and hig (>0.6) (Khoury M et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013 ; 62(8):742-51). Statistical analysis was performed with Statistica 13.3 software (at α=0.05) and included appropriate parametric tests because the results have normal distribution (Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test). Results: Children of mothers with high school education spend less time in front of TV (p=0.010) and a smartphone (p=0.022) in comparison to children of college educated mothers. On the other hand, more screen time (all types) have children of high school educated fathers. Children whose parents are employed have higher Body Mass Index, sleep less but have lower CMR. Children whose parents say that their income is insufficient have the highest CMR and the lowest sleep time in comparison to children of parents who said that their income is sufficient or more than sufficient. Additionally, children whose parents spend two thirds of their income on food have the highest CMR, the lowest haemoglobin and sleep longer in comparison to families that spend half or one third of their income on food. Conclusions: The results confirm that children who live in conditions of material deprivation are at the highest risk for developing many health conditions with lifelong consequences.

school aged children ; parental influence ; socioeconomic status ; cardiometabolic risk

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