hrvatski

Slučaj Roksolanskoga kralja Rasparagana: relegatio in insulam rimskoga kaznenog prava

Kazna protjerivanja u povijesnom se razvoju rimskog sustava kažnjavanja manifestirala kao exilium, deportatio i relegatio. Dok su te kazne dobro obrađene u djelima rimskih, poglavito klasičnih pravnika, razmjerno su rijetka epigrafska svjedočanstva o konkretnim slučajevima u kojima su bile izrečene. U ovome radu obrađuju se dva natpisa koja dokumentiraju kaznenopravni slučaj roksolanskoga kralja Rasparagana, kojega je car Hadrijan porazio tijekom pohoda na Sarmatiju 117./118. godine, a potom osudio na relegaciju na Uljanikov otok u Pulskome zaljevu. Slučaj je višestruko zanimljiv, jer ne samo da pokazuje obilježja rimskog kaznenopravnog instituta relegatio, odnosno stupanj njegova razvoja u prvim desetljećima II. stoljeća, nego i epigrafskim sagledavanjem tog instituta na Rasparaganovu primjeru potvrđuje različite ciljeve rimske kaznenopravne politike koji su se mogli postići izricanjem kazne relegatio, točnije rečeno relegatio in insulam. Ovim člankom afirmira se i epigrafsko gradivo rimske provenijencije kao izvor za daljnju spoznaju kaznenog sustava u antičkom Rimu. / Penalty of banishment in the Roman criminal system could emerge as threefold: exilium, deportatio and relegation. These penalties received an adequate elaboration by the roman jurists, though, their appearances in the epigraphic evidences referring to actual cases are rare. In this paper the authors provide an analysis of two inscriptions which record the criminal case of the Roxolan king Rasparaganus, who was defeated by the Roman emperor Hadrian during his military campaign in Saramatia in 117/118 AD and subsequently sentenced to relegation to the Uljanik Island situated in the Pula bay. The case is of our great interest because it reveals the general development of the Roman criminal institute relegation and the particular level of the development that it reached in the first decades of the 2nd century AD. Furthermore, the case is interesting because relegation can be analysed in an actual case and, finally, because the case of the king Rasparaganus records a range of goals that the Roman criminal policy could intend to achieve by resorting to the penalty of relegation of an individual to a particular island. In this paper the authors affirm the epigraphic evidence of Roman provenance as a source which may be profitably used to study the criminal institutes in ancient Rome.

Rimsko kazneno pravo, Hadrijan, Sarmatija, exilium, deportatio, relegatio, Istra, Uljanikov otok

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