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REVIEW OF CLINICAL CASES OF BODY CAVITY EFFUSIONS (2015- 2019) – OVERVIEW OF CLINICAL CYTOLOGY FINDINGS AND ASSOCIATED ETIOLOGIC FACTORS

Effusion can be defined as pathological accumulation of free fluid in the peritoneal, pleural or pericardial cavity as a consequence of one or more disease (e.g. traumas, neoplasia, cardiovascular, metabolic, infectious or inflammatory diseases). Body cavities effusions are traditionally classified according to the total protein concentration and the total nucleated cell count (TNCC) as transudates (total protein <2.5 g/dl, TNCC <1, 500 cells/μl), modified transudates (total protein 2.5-7.5 g/dl, TNCC 1, 000-7, 000 cells/ μl) and exudates (total protein >3.0 g/dl, TNCC >7, 000 cells/μl). Dogs (n=133) included in the study were admitted at the Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, and had confirmed effusion in one or more body cavities with associated clinical signs. Additionally, dogs were divided into general groups, according to the cause of the effusion: (1) neoplastic, (2) non-neoplastic, and dog with exudate were subgrouped into those with (3) septic and (4) non-septic. The majority of dogs (n=77) had effusion that was classified as modified transudate ; in 69% of dogs the cause of effusion was neoplasia and in 31% cause was classified as non-neoplastic. Second most common type of effusion (n=46) was exudate. In 61% of dogs with exudate the cause was neoplastic, and in 39% cause was non- neoplastic. Of the neoplastic exudates 96% were non-septic, and 4% were septic exudates. In the group of non-neoplastic exudates 61% were septic, while 39% were non-septic exudates. Transudates (n=10) were the least frequent type of effusion, mainly caused by non-neoplastic diseases (70% vs. 30%). Present study showed that the most common body cavity effusions in dogs admitted at the Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb were modified transudates, with the most frequent cause being a neoplastic disease.

body cavity effusions, dogs, etiologic factors

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