engleski

WATER LEVELS OF THE MAJOR RIVERS IN SLAVONIA

A large lowland region in the east part of the Republic of Croatia, known as Slavonia, is surrounded by three large rivers. In the north flows the Drava River, which turns right and flows into the Danube, close to Aljmaš. In the south is the Sava River bed, which connects with the Danube downstream in Serbia. It can be said that the Danube River extends along the eastern border of this lowland. Slavonia is the main granary and agriculturally most developed part of Croatia. Measuring of Water levels at Slavonian hydrological gauging stations have been conducting for many years. But this measuring period, historically is very small because the space has changed constantly. Very long ago there was the Pannonian Sea. Later, large forest areas were developed, but wetland areas remained. Recent history (that of anthropocene) is characterized by regulatory and ameliorative procedures and constructions. The paper presents an overview of the Sava – Drava - Danube hydrological gauging stations in Slavonia as well as their characteristics. There is a respectable water fund database collected over the last three centuries (strings and over 120 years). Further, the paper discusses data from six stations, two from each major river. Various observation periods (10, 40 and 120 years) are used and their characteristic water levels (mean, minimum and maximum) are expressed. Appropriate analyses and graphical displays indicate water levels change over time. Generalized decrease in both the minimum and average annual water levels were observed across studied periods at all locations. By analysing more successive periods, two phenomena can be observed. First, with each new period the rise of water levels have been appearing earlier and more rapid in hydrological years. Second, with each new period there is a greater dispersion in the appearance of extreme high water levels. Changes in the hydrological characteristics of the rivers in Slavonia also indicates the condition of the groundwater of this basin, which is largely protected from high waters by embankments. Changes are evident and warning and needs to be accepted in future development plans. Perhaps a new concept is needed in solving water management problems.

Slavonia, Drava, Sava, Dunav, water levels, gauging stations, hydrological analyse

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