engleski

Phylogenetic diversity of rhizobia nodulating Phaseolus vulgaris in Croatia and definition of the symbiovar phaseoli within the species Rhizobium pisi

Phaseolus vulgaris is a legume indigenous to America which is currently cultivated in 26 Europe including countries located at the Southeast of this continent, such as Croatia, 27 where several local landraces are cultivated, most of them of Andean origin. In this work 28 we identify at species and symbiovar levels several fast-growing strains able to form 29 effective symbiosis with P. vulgaris in different Croatian soils. The identification at 30 species level based on MALDI- TOF MS and core gene sequence analysis showed that 31 most of these strains belong to the species R. leguminosarum, R. hidalgonense and R. pisi. 32 In addition, several strains belong to putative new species phylogenetically close to R. 33 ecuadorense and R. sophoriradicis. All Croatian strains belong to the symbiovar phaseoli 34 and harbour the  and  nodC alleles typical for American strains of this symbiovar. 35 Nevertheless, most of Croatian strains harboured the  nodC gene allele supporting its 36 Andean origin since it is also dominant in other European countries, where Andean 37 cultivars of P. vulgaris are traditionally cultivated, as occurs in Spain. The only strains 38 harbouring the  nodC allele belong to R. hidalgonense and R. pisi, this last only 39 containing the symbiovars viciae and trifolii to date. This is the first report about the 40 presence in Europe of the species R. hidalgonense, the nodulation of P. vulgaris by R. pisi 41 and the existence of the symbiovar phaseoli within this species. These results significantly 42 increase the knowledge of the biogeography of Rhizobium-P. vulgaris symbiosis.

Rhizobium ; symbiovar phaseoli ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; Croatia ; Rhizobium pisi

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