engleski

The interplay of oxidative stress and microvascular endothelial function impairment during short-term high-salt loading in young healthy individuals

A growing body of evidence indicate that high- salt (HS) intake is highly detrimental to vascular and endothelial function, even in the absence of changes in arterial blood pressure (BP) level. Studies in healthy individuals have unambiguously demonstrated that HS diet impairs flow-mediated dilation of brachial artery, independently of BP changes in healthy individuals. Recent studies that were more focused on microvascular function yielded consistent results by reporting impaired post- occlusive reactive hyperemia (marker of general microvascular reactivity), acetylcholine- induced dilation (endothelium-dependent dilation) and local heating-induced vasodilation (considered NO-mediated response) of forearm skin microcirculation following 7- days HS loading in healthy individuals. Several potential mechanisms were suggested to mediate such BP-independent HS diet-induced impairment of vascular and endothelial function e.g. suppression of renin-angiotensin system (RAS), increased oxidative stress level, changes in sympathetic activity, inflammation and endothelial-leukocyte activation, fluid retention, osmotically inactive sodium storage, endothelial glycocalyx alterations etc. Our recent study that investigated interaction of HS loading, RAS suppression and possible fluid retention in healthy individuals demonstrated that observed microvascular reactivity impairment due to 7-days HS loading was independent of BP changes, body composition or fluid status changes, but associated with increased salt intake and suppressed RAS. An increasing number of studies in animal model indicate that increased oxidative stress plays a central role in HS diet-induced vascular damage. On the other hand, human studies did not contribute much to the understanding of the role of oxidative stress in mediating adverse effect of HS intake on vascular/endothelial function. Thus, the next key step in understanding interaction between HS loading and endothelium in healthy individuals is to investigate the direct influence of short-term HS intake on measurable parameters of oxidative stress level, and to examine whether potentially increased oxidative stress level is directly functionally associated with altered microvascular and endothelial function. (HRZZ #IP-2016-06-8744).

high salt diet ; oxidative stress ; microcirculation ; endothelium ; renin-angiotensin system

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