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Effect of glyphosate at low concentrations on chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy induction in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro

Aneuploidy, a state of imbalance in chromosome numbers implicated in cancer development and progression, arises after erroneous chromosome missegregation during anaphase. Glyphosate is the world's most commonly used herbicide, frequently examined for its potential toxicity in non-target organisms. To assess whether exposure to glyphosate might affect chromosome segregation fidelity in human cells, we have treated human whole peripheral blood with solutions of glyphosate in vitro for 24 h at final concentrations equivalent to acceptable daily intake (ADI ; 0, 5 µg/mL) and acceptable operator exposure level (AOEL ; 3, 5 µg/mL). After processing whole blood cultures according to cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay, we have performed fluorescence in situ hybridization with directly labeled pancentromeric probes for chromosomes 18, 9, X and Y. We have noticed a significant increase in chromosome loss in binucleate lymphocytes at both concentrations for chromosomes 18, 9, and X as well as for chromosome Y at AOEL. We conclude that glyphosate exposure affects chromosome segregation, potentially increasing the risk of malign transformation. These results will be useful for future risk assessments of this herbicide.

glyphosate ; chromosome missegregation ; fluorescence in situ hybridization ; micronucleus assay

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