engleski

Standard vs. fast charging of electric vehicles in self-sufficient wider urban areas

A high share of total energy consumption goes to the transport sector, and therefore a high share of greenhouse gas emissions, as well. Transport sector in Croatia has a share of 30% in the total final energy consumption, of which 90% belongs to the road transport. This is the reason why major effort in reducing emissions and improving energy efficiency is directed to the transport sector, especially road transport. Croatia aims to achieve 10% of energy production from the renewable energy sources (RES) in the total energy consumption in transport sector. One of the ways to achieve this goal is the implementation of electric vehicles (EV). Many studies and projects have been done in this field and the number of EVs is growing in recent years, but there is still place for improvements since EVs have not yet achieved competitiveness compared to conventional ones. This work analyses the comparison of standard and fast charging of EVs in the field of financial and social aspects and their impact on the renewable electricity production and the total electricity consumption regulated through the electricity trade market. Calculations for the model of standard EV charging are done in 1 hour time step and for the fast EV charging are done in the 10 minutes time step. Mathematical model based on the two different time steps is done in order to compare the impacts of fast and standard EV charging in different fields. Data were taken for the wider urban area of the Dubrovnik region. The assumption is that the Dubrovnik region will be self-sufficient by the year 2050 with 100% of electricity production from RES and that all conventional vehicles will be replaced with EVs. Intermitted energy production from RES is demanding new ways of regulation in energy planning in order to ensure the stability of the energy system. The results of this work will show that the fast charging based on the 10 minutes time step calculations gives more opportunities for the regulation in the energy system than the standard charging. Replacement of the existing two tariff model in electricity prices with the electricity trade market is contributing to the stability of the energy system, especially in the case of fast EV charging. The comparison of two models according to the financial aspects showed that the fast EV charging model is more expensive. When looking at the social aspects, fast charging provides electric vehicles with more opportunities for better competition in the market.

electric vehicles ; renewable energy sources ; energy plan ; fast charging ; standard charging

Promjena prezimena autorice s Šare u Falkoni 2015.