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Using CMEMS and the Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas sentinel network to track ocean warming effects in coastal areas. Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 3

Systematic and sustained in situ sampling effort is being conducted in a growing number of Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas to track and assess climate change effects in marine coastal ecosystems. Considering the need for accurate observation at large geographical scale, we conducted joint analysis of CMEMS satellite derived high- resolution foundation sea surface temperature with T-MEDNet database of multi- year in situ temperature acquired nearshore in Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas. Statistical analysis of the match-up database (multi-year, 22 sites) demonstrated the applicability of the CMEMS satellite data to the near shore areas and further documented associated uncertainties across temperature and variability gradients. Rapid and accelerated warming of sea surface temperature in the northwestern Mediterranean during the past decade is reported and compared to the 1982– 2011 period(0.047 vs. 0.029°C/year respectively). Elevated and consistent warming rates were calculated at local scale from in situ and satellite observations. Combining CMEMS remote sensing and in situ monitoring systems, as shown in this study, is a pillar to enhance our understanding on climate change impacts in coastal areas.

climate change, ocean warming, marine protected areas, T-MEDNet, CMEMS, Mediterranean Sea

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