engleski

Croatian Franciscans on the Border of contact of Christianity and Islam

Missionary mobility, since the founding of the Franciscan Order and its inclusion in the Rule of St. Francis, has been a major impetus leading subsequently to contacts between Franciscans and Islam. Dating from their arrival on Croatian territory in the Middle Ages, Franciscans quickly turned to the missionary work of the Church in Bosnia, where over two centuries they successfully spread Catholicism among Bosnian »Krstjani«, thus turning Bosnia into a Catholic country with a Catholic ruler. Their mission included close contact with the Orthodox Church on the eastern border of the Bosnian Kingdom, and in the area of Srijem and Bačka, contact with Hussites. With Ottoman expansion to Southeast Europe in the late 14th and throughout the 15th century, Islam was no longer just the reality of the Church in then the relatively distant Middle East, but now Islam came to the border of Western Christianity. Relevant to this presentation, a series of historical events followed: In 1463 disappeared the Bosnian Kingdom ; then the gradual disappearance of the remains of the Serbian Dušan Empire ; the Battle of Krbava in 1493 and that of Mohács in 1526. These events resulted in making Islam a constant factor of life in the area of Central and Southeast Europe. The boundary between Islam and Christianity became the former Croatian Kingdom, reduced to "remains of remains." Because of the Ottoman expansion in Slavonia, Dalmatia, and the Danube region, Franciscans from these areas found themselves as part of the Province of Bosnia Argentina and the only Catholic clergy in the European territory of the Ottoman Empire. Franciscans from these areas found themselves as part of the Province of Bosnia Argentina and the only Catholic clergy in the European territory of the Ottoman Empire. Their mission continued during the next two centuries and consisted in the preservation of Catholicism in these areas facing challenges of Islamization and aggressive Orthodoxy, prosecution and diplomatic maneuvering with the Ottoman authorities. This presentation will show how the Franciscans in Slavonia and the Danube region, which inevitably means touching the area of today's Bosnia, lived and worked during the Ottoman period and their attitude toward Islam and the theocratic Ottoman state. The final goal is to analyze the relationship of the Franciscans and Islam in the area where the intertwined interests of the Catholic Habsburgs, the papacy and the Catholic countries of the Christian West intersected the interests of the Ottoman Islamic state. In the period until the Great Vienna War and after, Franciscans were the main and the only connection of Catholics in the Ottoman Empire and Western Christian Countries. That is, they were the fundamental starting point and bridge that during two long centuries linked Christianity and Islam. In this context, it is certainly important to recognize a perception of Islam by Christianity in the West and by the Franciscans who daily coexisted with Islam and the representatives of the Ottoman theocracy. The paper will underscore the life and action of Franciscans from the Battle of Mohács in1526 to the Peace in Srijemski Karlovci in 1699, in the area of Croatian countries, with particular emphasis on the area of Slavonia and the Danube region.

Franciscans, Bosnia Argentina, Slavonia, Danube region, Islam, The Ottoman Empire,

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