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Jews and Roma minorities in the interwar Croatia, 1918–1941

In some European historiography is still often perceived and emphasizes Jews and Roma as “Outsiders” in Europe and some scientists try to defined them as dispersed ethnic minorities, which differ from the others minorities because they are constantly persecuted. Jews and Roma were two minority groups in Croatia before World War II, according to which state and local authorities carried out a repressive policy. There were certain similarities and differences in the position of Jews and Roma, especially in the government’s treatment of these groups, in interwar Croatia. In this period Roma were a completely marginal social stratum in interwar Croatia, which is reflected in their poor economic, educational, political and other status. In contrast to the Roma, the Jewish population was economically, culturally and politically more influential in interwar Croatia. This was also reflected in their level of education, which the state authorities sought to limit. Both these groups belonged to a minority population, neither of which had a parent country. Also, German pressure on the Croatian authorities in this period did not enact special laws that sought to completely regulate the status of Jews and Roma in accordance with the Nazi model. This took place only after the establishment of the Independent State of Croatia, where these two minorities, along with the Serbs, were highlighted as the main “socio-political problem” of the new Croatian government.

Croatia, Jews, Roma, social position

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