engleski

The relationship between consensuality and direction of change of initial responses in syllogistic reasoning

Research using two-response paradigm shows that reasoners sometimes change their initial responses to reasoning problems after rethinking. The probability of answers change is related to feeling of rightness, the metacognitive feeling that is associated with the initial response. However, rethinking often does not lead to higher accuracy of responses. In line with the predictions derived from the Self-Consistency Model, higher probability of answer change was expected for initial responses with low consensuality than for initial responses with high consensuality. The aim of the experiment was to examine the effect of the response consensuality on the probability of answer change and on the confidence judgments. Seventy participants evaluated 24 syllogistic problems previously found to differ in consensuality, including consensually correct, consensually wrong, and nonconsensual items. Participants provided two responses for each task, initial quick response and second response after rethinking. After both responses, participants made confidence judgments. The analysis byitems revealed that consensuality was related to the probability of answer change (r = -.50 ; p < .05): initial responses given to the items with low consensuality were more likely to be changed than initial responses given to the items with high consensuality. Similarly, nonconsnensual initial responses were more likely to be changed than consensual initial responses. This effect was particularly strong for consensually wrong items, resulting in lower accuracy of responses after rethinking (M = .20) compared to the accuracy of initial responses (M = .32), t(69) = 6.78, p < .001. Confidence judgments and response times were correlated with consensuality of initial answers, and with consensualty of answers provided after rethinking. The obtained results indicate random fluctuations in representation sampling and related evidence that favours each of the two response options as a possible factor that affects the probability of answer change.

two-response paradigm ; self-consistency ; consensuality ; confidence ; syllogistic reasoning

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