engleski

Should psychopathy be reduced to biology?

Recently, some have advocated anchoring the classification of antisocial individuals in genetic, biological, and cognitive mechanisms (e.g Blair 2015 ; Insel & Cuthbert 2015). These proposals have attracted ethical and conceptual criticisms from philosophical quarters (cf. Jurjako et al. 2018). From a philosophical stance, we will defend the biocognitive approach to classification from an objection advanced by Borsboom et al. (2018), who maintain that RDoC- type approaches are untenable because they imply biological reductionism, that they think is incompatible with their Network model. According to this latter approach, causal connections between behaviourally individuated symptoms, inferred mental states, and personality traits are fundamental for the classification of mental disorders. We respond that, at least in the case of antisocial and psychopathic populations, Borsboom ea. overlook that integrating biological and cognitive data in categorisation is important due to the large amount of heterogeneity seen in such cohorts (Brazil et al. 2018). By endorsing a philosophical view, that we call revisionary reductionism, we argue that current syndrome-based categorisations of psychopathy (e.g. the PCL-R) could be revised or partly replaced by groupings based on cognitive, biological and behavioural differences. We maintain that revisionary reductionism has serious prospects to improve classification and treatment of antisocial individuals. References: Blair, R. J. R. (2015). “Psychopathic traits from an RDoC perspective.“ Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 30: 79–84. Borsboom, D., A. Cramer, and A. Kalis. 2018. “Brain Disorders? Not Really… Why Network Structures Block Reductionism in Psychopathology Research.” Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1-54 Brazil, I. A., J. D. M. van Dongen, J. H. R. Maes, R. B. Mars, and A. R. Baskin-Sommers. 2018. “Classification and Treatment of Antisocial Individuals: From Behavior to Biocognition.“ Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 91: 259–77. Hare, R. D. 2003. The Hare Psychopathy Checklist - Revised. Second Edition. 2nd ed. Multi-Health Systems. Insel, T. and B. Cuthbert. 2015. “Brain Disorders? Precisely.” Science 348: 499-500. Jurjako, M., L. Malatesti, and I. A. Brazil. 2018. “Some Ethical Considerations about the Use of Biomarkers for the Classification of Adult Antisocial Individuals.” International Journal of Forensic Mental Health. https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2018.1485188

Psychopathy ; reduction ; classification

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