engleski

The youth and the risks to their development

In recent years, children and youth with problems during growing up, behavior disorders, and personality disorders have been called "children and youth at risk". Various authors and researchers discuss the varying number of the youth who are at risk. This number depends on the theoretical or conceptual framework which the research conducted is based upon (Dryfoos, 1997 ; Burt, Resnick, Novick, 1998). During the last 10-15 years many experts in the field of behavior disorders were trying to determine the reason why some children and youth in spite of many stressful circumstances, do not develop any type of behavior disorders. They have also been trying to find out why some children and youth vary in their behavior development, why they are prone to risk, characterized by long lasting negative outcomes. This paper lists and defines risk and protective factors for children&#8217 ; ; s development. The work of Burt and co-workers (1998) will be presented in the paper as possible conceptual framework for the assessment of the risk and protective factors. It will be used in the analysis of antecedents, protective factors, system markers, problem behavior, positive behavior and negative outcomes. This conceptual framework may serve to assess the degree of risk for children and youth in a given country. It may serve as strategy for planing and creating different levels of prevention or intervention. It is necessary to integrate the existence of risk factors with a approach of positive development of the youth in order to help parents, teachers and the local community to identify vulnerabilities of the youth. They can thus be reinforced and the negative outcomes avoided. In order to set the program orientation, these framework request: (1) conceptual reversal in the approach, from the model of risk (lack) to the model of the development of children and youth&#8217 ; ; s potential ; (2) reinforcement of local (flexible) and county&#8217 ; ; s social security network of programs ; (3) integration of various government programs, programs of non-government association and private initiatives ; (4) more effort put into the evaluation programs that will contribute to the selection of efficient programs, especially in the situation of making priorities on the basis of efficacy and on the basis of financial resources.

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