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Groundwater Protection and Pollution Control: Trace Metals Mobility and Transport in Soil

Environmental protection and pollution control in the water-soil‐plant continuum are emerging as topics of particular interest in the last few decades, for the both, scientific and public sector. One of the reasons for such attention is that the numbers of potentially harmful substances introduced in the environment are rising, and especially of those originating from agricultural practices and industry. Anthropogenic inputs of TMs to agricultural soils are mostly through organic waste amendments (sewage sludge, bio-waste, municipal waste), agro-chemicals, fertilizers, atmospheric deposition and accidental inputs ; whilst main output fluxes are leaching and TMs removed by crops. Most of the substances applied in agricultural production are useful in the soil surface layer, but they can cause pollution and degradation of natural resources due to their leaching into deeper soil layers and groundwater. Mobility and transfer of soil solutes (including TMs) is usually closely linked with the water flow through soil vadose zone. If TMs are found in their mobile form (species) in the soil solution, they can be transported through soil profile simultaneously with water flow, thus posing a risk for groundwater pollution. Therefore, TMs chemical speciation modelling approach is widely used in studies of soil and groundwater contamination and risk assessment.

solute transport, trace metals speciation, leachate, groundwater contamination

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