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Effect of High-fat diets with olive, sunflower or pumpkin seed oil on the development of non- alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats

Introduction: The Aim was to compare the effect of three ad libitum High-Fat Diets (HFD) different in a ratio of a fatty acids composition, on body mass gain and on the development of a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. A composition of fatty acids can contribute to fat accumulation, and some fatty acids may have a beneficial influence on prevention of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Animals and methods: In this study, 24 male , 2 months old rats, weighing 265 ± 27 g, were randomly divided into four groups and fed standard diet (Mucedola, Milano, Italy) or High-fat diets for three weeks. HFD was prepared by mixing 30% of sunflower oil, pumpkin seed oil or olive oil to standard animal feed. Animal mass gain and feed intake were measured daily. After three weeks, the rats were anesthetized with phenobarbital (10 mg/ 100 g body mass) via i.p. injection. Liver was taken, weighed and liver samples were processed for histological studies. Results: Animals fed HFD consumed less diet expressed in grams but the equal amount of energy. No differences in body mass were found. Histological preparations revealed severe lipid accumulation in hepatocytes from animals fed HFD with sunflower oil, moderate from animals fed pumpkin seed oil and mild in animals fed HDF with olive oil. There was no evidence of hepatic fibrosis or inflammation in rats fed standard or High-fat Diets. Conclusion: Olive oil has a positive role in liver protection from lipid accumulation despite high fat intake and pumpkin seed oil manage to prevent severe steatosis as seen in HFD sunflower oil group but not as efficient as olive oil.

non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ; high-fat diet ; olive oil ; sunflower oil ; pumpkin seed oil.

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