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Development of Advanced Cemented Carbide Cutting Tools - Trends in Industry and Science

In the next decade we will be celebrating over 100 years of cemented carbides and over 60 years of existence of coated cutting tools successfully employed in the industry. Despite the „retirement age“ of these two topics, the scientific papers mostly funded by industrial research are written on a daily basis, and small improvements in understanding the material as well as complex architecture coating systems which are applied on them are visible. In 2019th 85% of all cemented carbide tools are coated, and the demand for efficient tools is ever- growing. Continuous increase of productivity in dealing well as new challenges arriving with modern materials being machined is a “holy grail” of the industry. The value of the global industry in 2019 is expected to be over 17 billion USD. The cutting technologies are present in a nearly constant ratio, around 39 % goes on milling technology, and turning represents around 30 % of the market. However, the drilling share is rising due to advanced production of microdrills. As a material, cemented carbide represents around 50 % of the cutting tool’s market and it's market share is slowly decreasing due to the advancements in other materials such as PCD and CBN. Nowadays the cooling of the cutting tool is trending towards "greener technologies" and the quantity of the coolant being used is decreasing. The main reason for that are the advanced cutting tools themselves that have excellent mechanical properties, mainly hardness at high temperatures, as well as good tribological properties. CVD coatings used from 1979., in modern and highly reactive nanostructured cemented carbides are being more and more of a problem due to their high coating temperature, creating Eta phase causing a decrease in toughness of the tool. The PACVD coatings are yet to be investigated in detail. Multilayer gradient coating systems such as TiN/TiCN, TiN/TaN, TiN/NbN, TiN/AlN, TiN/TiBN, TiN/CrN have shown to have a high potential in dealing with high demands of the industry.

Cemented carbide, coating, nanostructured cermet, cutting tool

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