engleski

Granulysin mediated cytotoxicity and its serum concentration in patients with knee osteoarthritis

Background: In OA joint, the synovial membrane contains immunocompetent cells (1-4), which produce predominantly pro-inflammatory cytokines (2, 5), justifying the name “osteoarthritis” and directing the development of disease towards mild systemic inflammatory condition (6). Granulysin (GNLY) is a mediator of cellular immunity expressed in T and NK cells in 15 kDa precursor and 9 kDa cytotoxic forms (2). It is regulated by interleukin 15. We investigated GNLY expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes and GNLY mediated apoptosis in vitro, the serum concentration of IL-15 and the correlation of GNLY expression with an intensity of the pain in the knee of OA patients and with 6-minute walk distance. Objectives: Women with knee OA (20), and healthy control (17) were medically examined, and their blood samples tested. All of them signed an informed consent before medical sampling of peripheral blood (PB). Methods: Visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain and results of a 6-minute walk test were noticed in all participants. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by gradient density centrifugation and intracellular GNLY labeling in CD3-CD56+NK cells, CD3+CD56- T cells and CD3+CD56+ NKT cells was performed and analyzed by flow cytometry. NK cells’ apoptotic activity against NK sensitive K-562 cells was measured in an 18-hour PKH-26 (red) cytotoxicity assay with the evaluation of propidium iodide-/annexin V+ target cells by flow cytometry. In some samples, anti-GNLY and/or anti-perforin antibodies were added. IL- 15concentration was measured by ELISA. Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-test, as well as Spearman correlation test were used for statistical evaluation. Results: In lymphocytes of OA patients GNLY expression and NK cell-mediated apoptosis of K-562 cells did not differ significantly from the healthy control. In OA patients only, the RC8 antibody against cytotoxic GNLY molecule significantly decreased the apoptosis of K-562 cells. RF10 anti-15 kDa GNLY did not show such an effect. Anti-perforin antibody completely abolished apoptosis in both groups tested and the effects of additionally added RC8 or RF10 anti-GNLY antibodies were not observed. Serum IL-15 concentration in healthy controls and OA patients was low and did not show a statistically significant difference. GNLY expression in lymphocytes, and particularly in the NK subset, positively correlated with VAS of pain and 6-minutes walking distance. Conclusion: In OA patients, GNLY mediated apoptosis is involved in apoptosis of NK sensitive K-562 cells in vitro and might be involved in the killing of damaged joint cells in vivo after direct contact.

Granulysin ; Cytotoxicity ; Osteoarthritis ; Knee

nije evidentirano