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Everyone Makes Mistakes: how the Wrong Triangle Peak Was Selected Two Hundred Years Ago for the Cadastral Survey of the Croatian Coastal Area

During the Franciscan cadastral survey, which was initiated two hundred years ago, and for the first time included the entire area of what is today the Republic of Croatia, a major step forward was taken in the systematic inventorisation and systematisation of spatial resources. The survey involved several geodesic procedures, including triangulation, which enabled a basis to be formed for establishing many geographic features in the area covered (surfaces, typology of geographic elements, land use, land proprietors, geographic names, etc.). As part of the triangulation process, which was intended to establish the stable cadastre and achieve the integration of the Kvarner and Dalmatian parts of the Croatian coastline, within the state boundaries of the Austrian Empire, an error was made in establishing the triangle used to connect trigonometric points on the islands of Rab, Pag and Lošinj. Instead of Pogled Peak, with St. John’s Chapel, Grgošćak Peak was taken as the top point of the triangle, some 1, 430 m distant from Pogled. The error occurred because the surveyors chose the trigonometric point which had been used previously in the hydrographic survey of the Adriatic (1818-1819), rather than the one which their colleagues had used during the cadastral survey of Istria and Kvarner (1817-1822). When the triangulation error was detected in 1827, it was too late to correct it through a new survey, so a separate scale for the cadastral plans of the Zadar area was determined. In contrast to the scale of the cadastral plans of the entire Austrian (Austro- Hungarian) Empire, which was 1:2880 (alongside other scales determined according to the need to depict settlements, strategic objects, and other features in detail), it was set at 1:2904. This error resulted in a particular cadastral feature of part of Croatia, compared to the rest of Central Europe!

cadastral survey, map scale, Zadar, Kvarner, Dalmatia, Austrian Empire

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