engleski

The influence of fertilization and tillage on wheat grain infection with Fusarium spp.

The plant disease causes yield loss, low test weights, low seed germination and contamination of grain with mycotoxins. Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by the fungal plant pathogens from genus Fusarium is destructive disease of wheat in most wheat-growing regions around the world. Agricultural practices is very important factor for the control of Fusarium survival since pathogen survive on plant residues left from the previous crop and weeds. An appropriate crop rotation and tillage system can limit the risk of Fusarium head blight development The aim of our research was to determine the impact of tillage and nitrogen fertilization treatments on the occurrence of Fusarium species on the wheat grain. The field experiment was set at the Čačiinci site from September 2013 to June 2014, having five variants of tillage (CT - conventional tillage treatment, SS - subsoiling, DH- disk harowing, CH - chiseling and NT - no-till treatment) treatments and three variants of nitrogen fertilization treatments (N1 – amount reduced by 30% according recommendation ; N2 – according to standard recommendation and N3 – amount increased by 30% according recommendation). The presence of Fusarium species was determined in all tested variants of tillage and fertilization treatments. The effect of reduced fertilization (N1) on Fusarium sp. grain infection in all types of tillage was statistically lower in comparison with other (N2 and N3) nitrogen treatments. Statistical difference in different tillage system was determined on only in nitrogen fertilization with N amount reduced by 30%. From the ecological point of view reduced tillage has several advantages, increased microbiological activity of soil, increased biological diversity (fungi, bacterial, nematodes, earthworms) and if disease incidence in some areas is not significant this soil tillage should be implemented.

fusarium ; wheat grain ; tillage ; fertilization

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