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The protracted maturation of associative layer IIIC pyramidal neurons in the human prefrontal cortex during childhood: a major role in cognitive development and selective alteration in autism (CROSBI ID 264591)

Prilog u časopisu | izvorni znanstveni rad | međunarodna recenzija

Petanjek, Zdravko ; Sedmak, Dora ; Džaja, Domagoj ; Hladnik, Ana ; Rašin, Mladen Roko ; Jovanov Milošević, Nataša The protracted maturation of associative layer IIIC pyramidal neurons in the human prefrontal cortex during childhood: a major role in cognitive development and selective alteration in autism // Frontiers in psychiatry, 10 (2019), 122, 33. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00122

Podaci o odgovornosti

Petanjek, Zdravko ; Sedmak, Dora ; Džaja, Domagoj ; Hladnik, Ana ; Rašin, Mladen Roko ; Jovanov Milošević, Nataša

engleski

The protracted maturation of associative layer IIIC pyramidal neurons in the human prefrontal cortex during childhood: a major role in cognitive development and selective alteration in autism

The human specific cognitive shift starts around the age of 2 years with the onset of self- awareness, and continues with extraordinary increase in cognitive capacities during early childhood. Diffuse changes in functional connectivity in children aged 2-6 years indicate an increase in the capacity of cortical network. Interestingly, structural network complexity does not increase during this time and, thus, it is likely to be induced by selective maturation of a specific neuronal subclass. Here, we provide an overview of a subclass of cortico-cortical neurons, the associative layer IIIC pyramids of the human prefrontal cortex. Their local axonal collaterals are in control of the prefrontal cortico-cortical output, while their long projections modulate inter-areal processing. In this way, layer IIIC pyramids are the major integrative element of cortical processing, and changes in their connectivity patterns will affect global cortical functioning. Layer IIIC neurons have a unique pattern of dendritic maturation. In contrast to other classes of principal neurons, they undergo an additional phase of extensive dendritic growth during early childhood, and show characteristic molecular changes. Taken together, circuits associated with layer IIIC neurons have the most protracted period of developmental plasticity. This unique feature is advanced but also provides a window of opportunity for pathological events to disrupt normal formation of cognitive circuits involving layer IIIC neurons. In this manuscript, we discuss how disrupted dendritic and axonal maturation of layer IIIC neurons may lead into global cortical disconnectivity, affecting development of complex communication and social abilities. We also propose a model that developmentally dictated incorporation of layer IIIC neurons into maturing cortico-cortical circuits between 2 to 6 years will reveal a previous (perinatal) lesion affecting other classes of principal neurons. This "disclosure" of pre-existing functionally silent lesions of other neuronal classes induced by development of layer IIIC associative neurons, or their direct alteration, could be found in different forms of autism spectrum disorders. Understanding the gene-environment interaction in shaping cognitive microcircuitries may be fundamental for developing rehabilitation and prevention strategies in autism spectrum and other cognitive disorders.

cerebral cortex ; cortico-cortical neurons ; dendritic development ; excitatory transmission ; glutamate ; schizophrenia ; theory of mind

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Podaci o izdanju

10

2019.

122

33

objavljeno

1664-0640

10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00122

Povezanost rada

Kognitivna znanost (prirodne, tehničke, biomedicina i zdravstvo, društvene i humanističke znanosti), Temeljne medicinske znanosti

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